In recent years, many progresses have been made in the management of atrial fibrillation, particularly in stroke prevention and ablation of arrhythmic sources. Direct oral anticoagulants have been available and prevailing based on the randomized controlled trials. This trend is now progressing, leading to repeated assessment of the benefits and risks in the real world. Medical engineering have developed a variety of tools to increase the feasibility of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation, thereby stabilizing the efficacy and adverse events. The technology has expanded the indication of this approach for atrial fibrillation patients with complex backgrounds. And, these recent advances are now shedding light also on the hitherto unrecognized atrial fibrillation, asymptomatic ones. In this session, these topics will be discussed.